1. 原生js中我们会使用document.getElementsByClassName(),document.getElementById()等获取dom元素,但在vue中,更推荐使用ref获取。
2. 不同文件的ref相互独立,即使同名也不会互相影响而导致获取错误。一个组件被多次引用后同时存在多个实例时,每个实例的ref也是互相独立的。这一点显然比getElementById()要好很多。
3. 标签的ref属性值在每一个vue文件中需要是唯一的,否则可能在获取时发生与预期不同的效果。显然使用v-for时如果单项带有ref就需要我们解决这个问题。
目录
使用ref绑定Dom元素
- 用法相当简单,我们在想获取的标签上增加属性 ref="refName" 即可。
- 例如:
<template>
<span id="myspanid" ref="mySpanRef">hello coolight</span>
</template>
获取
获取的方式很多,这里介绍其中的几种,以及提及一些document的方法和注意事项
祖传getElementById()
- 在vue中,getElementById()依然可用,但不建议,而且要注意生命周期问题
<script setup>
import { onMounted } from "vue";
let span_id = document.getElementById("myspanid");
console.log("setup: span_id = ", span_id);
onMounted(() => {
console.log("onMounted: span_id = ", span_id);
span_id = document.getElementById("myspanid");
console.log("onMounted: span_id = ", span_id);
})
</script>
<template>
<span id="myspanid" ref="mySpanRef">hello coolight</span>
</template>
- 运行结果:
- 可以看到,在setup中直接使用getElementById()是不行的,需要在onMounted(也就是已经把dom元素挂载完成后)重新调用getElementById()获取。
- 这就是vue的生命周期问题,贴一张vue官网的图,具体有关生命周期的在此不展开讲了:
ref(null)
- refName = ref(null)是常见的获取方法
- 即声明一个与在标签中ref元素值同名的变量,然后调用ref(null)即可获取到。
- 注意需要导入:import { ref } from "vue";
- 示例:
<script setup>
import { ref,onMounted, getCurrentInstance } from "vue";
let mySpanRef = ref(null);
console.log("setup: mySpanRef = ", mySpanRef);
console.log("setup: mySpanRef.value = ", mySpanRef.value);
onMounted(() => {
console.log("读取setup获取的mySpanRef:");
console.log("onMounted: mySpanRef = ", mySpanRef);
console.log("onMounted: mySpanRef.value = ", mySpanRef.value);
mySpanRef = ref(null);
console.log("读取onMounted获取的mySpanRef:");
console.log("onMounted: mySpanRef = ", mySpanRef);
console.log("onMounted: mySpanRef.value = ", mySpanRef.value);
})
</script>
<template>
<span ref="mySpanRef">hello coolight</span>
</template>
- 运行结果:
- 可以看到 ref(null) 返回的是一个 RefImpl 对象,如果想它打印结果和getElementById()一样,则需要 .value。如果我们想调用元素的操作方法等,也需要.value后再接操作方法。
- 比如:
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
const mySpanRef = ref(null);
onMounted(() => {
console.log(mySpanRef);
console.log(mySpanRef.clientWidth);
console.log(mySpanRef.value.clientWidth);
})
</script>
<template>
<span ref="mySpanRef">hello coolight</span>
</template>
- 运行结果:
- 显然,使用ref(null)获取的也会有生命周期问题,但这次仅仅是mySpanRef.value = null。
- 而且我们要注意应在setup中调用ref(null)获取,但在onMounted以后才能访问其.value,进行dom相关的函数调用操作。
- 如果在onMounted内调用ref(null)获取反而获取不到。
$refs.refName
- 这个方法则不需要变量名和ref值相同
- 注意:
- 需要在onMounted后获取
- 需要导入getCurrentInstance()
- 如果在setup直接调用了getCurrentInstance(),将导致在onMounted()中获取失败。
- 示例:
<script setup>
import { onMounted, getCurrentInstance } from "vue";
let mySpan;
onMounted(() => {
let { $refs } = (getCurrentInstance()).proxy;
mySpan = $refs.mySpanRef;
console.log("onMounted: mySpan = ", mySpan);
})
</script>
<template>
<span ref="mySpanRef">hello coolight</span>
</template>
- 运行结果:
- 如你所见,返回和getElementById()一样,我们可以直接调用dom标签的方法而不需要像ref(null)获取后.value。
$refs[refName]
- 前面我们介绍的都是需要将refName当成变量名一样写,而不能使用字符串。
- 这个方法可以传refName的字符串类型,这将大大提高我们获取的灵活度,而且它也不限制接收的变量名。
- 示例:
<script setup>
import { onMounted, getCurrentInstance } from "vue";
let mySpan;
onMounted(() => {
let { $refs } = (getCurrentInstance()).proxy;
let name = "mySpanRef";
mySpan = $refs[name];
//mySpan = $refs['mySpanRef']; //这个也是可以的
console.log("onMounted: mySpan = ", mySpan);
})
</script>
<template>
<span ref="mySpanRef">hello coolight</span>
</template>
- 运行结果:
- 其返回值同$refs.refName。
多个同名ref的解决方法
上面我们都是把ref当成id一样使用,但在v-for后产生的列表项可能遇到ref重复,下面我们聊聊如何解决这个问题
- 首先我们来看看如果ref重复,我们获取时会发生什么:
- 示例:
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted, getCurrentInstance } from "vue";
let mySpanRef = ref(null);
onMounted(() => {
console.log("ref(null) = ", mySpanRef.value);
let { $refs } = (getCurrentInstance()).proxy;
mySpanRef = $refs.mySpanRef;
console.log("$refs.mySpanRef = ", mySpanRef);
mySpanRef = $refs['mySpanRef'];
console.log("$refs['mySpanRef'] = ", mySpanRef);
})
</script>
<template>
<div>
<span ref="mySpanRef">hello coolight</span>
<span ref="mySpanRef">hello 洛天依</span>
</div>
</template>
- 运行结果:
- 可以看到,三个方法都是得到了后一个拥有这个refName的标签
- 虽然没有报错或是警告,但已经不是预期的效果了(按平常感觉应返回一个数组)
- 解决思路:
- 我们需要改造,使得ref仍然是唯一的。
- 那么我们可以给这些同名的ref标签在refName后面再加一个id,就可以使得refName是唯一
- 显然我们需要利用第三种获取方法($refs['refName']),并用字符串拼接来生成refName
- 示例:
<script setup>
import { onMounted, getCurrentInstance } from "vue";
let arr = ['coolight', '洛天依', 'enter', 'shift', 'ctrl', 'Alt', 'ESC'];
onMounted(() => {
let { $refs } = (getCurrentInstance()).proxy;
console.log($refs['myspan0']);
console.log("for:");
for(let i = arr.length; i-- > 0;) {
console.log($refs['myspan'+ i][0]);
}
})
</script>
<template>
<div style="display:flex;flex-direction: column;">
<span v-for="(item, index) in arr"
:ref="'myspan' + index">{{index}}:{{item}}</span>
</div>
</template>
- 运行结果:
- 可以看到,这一次$refs['refName']返回的是一个包含一个span标签的数组,因此我们需要后面再加[0]访问数组内容。
其他问题
返回的是一个proxy对象
- 当返回的是proxy对象时,它的$el属性就是我们需要的标签
- 示例:
let { $refs } = (getCurrentInstance()).proxy;
let dom = $refs['myul']; //proxy对象
dom.$el; //标签内容
dom.$el.clientWidth; //通过$el即可同getElementById()获取到的标签一样操作
best ed pills at gnc ed treatment pills – pills erectile dysfunction edpills.tech
best ed drugs compare ed drugs ed medications edpills.tech
https://edpills.tech/# male ed pills edpills.tech
https://canadiandrugs.tech/# canadian pharmacy world canadiandrugs.tech
https://edpills.tech/# best pill for ed edpills.tech
canadian online drugs canadian pharmacy 365 – buy prescription drugs from canada cheap canadiandrugs.tech
https://edpills.tech/# top erection pills edpills.tech
reliable canadian pharmacy canadian pharmacy 365 canadian discount pharmacy canadiandrugs.tech
canadian pharmacies that deliver to the us canadian pharmacy mall – canadian family pharmacy canadiandrugs.tech
https://canadapharmacy.guru/# canadian online drugstore canadapharmacy.guru
http://indiapharmacy.guru/# india pharmacy indiapharmacy.guru
canadian pharmacy drugs online canadian pharmacy com – legit canadian pharmacy canadiandrugs.tech
https://edpills.tech/# best ed drug edpills.tech
https://indiapharmacy.guru/# buy prescription drugs from india indiapharmacy.guru
canadian pharmacies comparison canadian pharmacy ratings canadian pharmacy store canadiandrugs.tech
http://canadiandrugs.tech/# precription drugs from canada canadiandrugs.tech
legitimate canadian mail order pharmacy safe canadian pharmacy – drugs from canada canadiandrugs.tech
https://canadiandrugs.tech/# buy prescription drugs from canada cheap canadiandrugs.tech
http://canadiandrugs.tech/# canadian pharmacy ed medications canadiandrugs.tech
http://indiapharmacy.guru/# indian pharmacies safe indiapharmacy.guru
ed medication online erectile dysfunction drug – best ed medications edpills.tech
https://canadiandrugs.tech/# prescription drugs canada buy online canadiandrugs.tech
canadian medications canadian mail order pharmacy online canadian drugstore canadiandrugs.tech
http://indiapharmacy.guru/# legitimate online pharmacies india indiapharmacy.guru
http://mexicanpharmacy.company/# mexican pharmacy mexicanpharmacy.company
canadian neighbor pharmacy canada pharmacy world – legal to buy prescription drugs from canada canadiandrugs.tech
https://indiapharmacy.guru/# best online pharmacy india indiapharmacy.guru
https://edpills.tech/# men’s ed pills edpills.tech
reputable indian pharmacies reputable indian online pharmacy india pharmacy mail order indiapharmacy.guru
the best ed pill cure ed – cheap erectile dysfunction pill edpills.tech
india pharmacy top 10 online pharmacy in india – п»їlegitimate online pharmacies india indiapharmacy.guru
http://canadapharmacy.guru/# thecanadianpharmacy canadapharmacy.guru
п»їbest mexican online pharmacies buying prescription drugs in mexico mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa mexican drugstore online pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
http://mexicanpharmacy.cheap/# buying from online mexican pharmacy
mexico drug stores pharmacies mexican mail order pharmacies purple pharmacy mexico price list
medicine in mexico pharmacies buying prescription drugs in mexico online buying prescription drugs in mexico
https://mexicanpharmacy.cheap/# best online pharmacies in mexico
mexican pharmacy mexican pharmacy medicine in mexico pharmacies
mexican rx online mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa purple pharmacy mexico price list
best online pharmacies in mexico mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs mexico drug stores pharmacies
http://mexicanpharmacy.cheap/# mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
purple pharmacy mexico price list mexican rx online medicine in mexico pharmacies
medication from mexico pharmacy buying from online mexican pharmacy reputable mexican pharmacies online
mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa medication from mexico pharmacy п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
http://mexicanpharmacy.cheap/# medicine in mexico pharmacies
https://mexicanpharmacy.cheap/# purple pharmacy mexico price list
medicine in mexico pharmacies best mexican online pharmacies best mexican online pharmacies
п»їbest mexican online pharmacies mexico drug stores pharmacies reputable mexican pharmacies online
https://mexicanpharmacy.cheap/# buying from online mexican pharmacy